Papers

 The "Papers" page is a library of up to date research papers on subjects which you may find useful when creating articles for us, or doing your own studies. In addition, there is also some helpful instructions on several ways to gain access to any papers you may need.

If you have any questions about our library you should contact our lead research librarian LilianaUmbra, who is responsible for managing research requests and this pages content. You can find her most up-to-date collection of papers on a google doc as this page is managed in periodic batches. 

=Getting access=

Journal articles are frequently paywalled, requiring an obscene ~$40 per article to see anything besides their abstracts. Here's some ways around:


 * If you're a student, your university should have journal access for all IPs on its network. If you make friends with a student, you could ask to borrow their login.


 * Even if you're not a student, you can often get a library card at a university library. University library computers will have journal access, so if the library is open to the public you can surf there and save articles to a USB stick.


 * Sci-Hub is a proxy that circumvents paywalls for journal access. You can tack ".sci-hub.tw" on the end of the domain name for a URL you want to access. For instance, if you wanted to go to "http://nature.com/some/article.html", change it to "http://nature.com.sci-hub.tw/some/article.html". Note that sci-hub is frequently under attack and the legality of using it varies by region.


 * Due to the volatile nature of which domains are working for sci-hub currently, if any links are broken simply replace the domain of the link with a working one. .tw works as of 3/12/2020.


 * The Sci-Hub Links extension for Chrome and Firefox can be used to automatically translate DOI to sci-hub links.


 * Library Genesis has a repository of scientific papers. Unlike Sci-Hub, it does not let you access papers that don't already exist in the LibGen repository. However, it is a useful backup if Sci-Hub is down, as Sci-Hub stores a copy of every paper it downloads to LibGen.


 * The r/scholar subreddit lets you post requests for articles. Volunteers will find and upload articles for you, bypassing the paywall.


 * Arxiv hosts free pre-publication articles, but very few in the biology realm.

=Finding more papers=


 * Google Scholar indexes articles, shows citations and "cited bys", impact factor etc.


 * Pubmed offers more granular search options.

=Transition related healthcare=

Hormone replacement therapy



 * (April 2020) Testosterone, Cortisol, and Secretory immunoglobulin-A Within a Single Day and Across Two Sequential Days Among Trans- And Cis-Gender Men


 * (March 2020) Impact of Exogenous Testosterone on Reproduction in Transgender Men


 * (February 2020) The effect of testosterone on ovulatory function in transmasculine individuals.


 * (October 2019) A mouse model to investigate the impact of testosterone therapy on reproduction in transgender men.


 * (August 2019) Pharmacokinetics and Acceptability of Subcutaneous Injection of Testosterone Undecanoate.


 * (June 2019) The effect of testosterone therapy on personality traits of trans men: a controlled prospective study in Germany and Switzerland.


 * (April 2019) Longitudinal Case Study of Transgender Voice Changes Under Testosterone Hormone Therapy.


 * (July 2018) Testosterone undecanoate and testosterone enanthate injections are both effective and safe in transmen over 5 years of administration.*


 * (July 2018) Hormone Therapy for Transgender Men.


 * (June 2018) Exogenous Testosterone Does Not Induce Or Exacerbate The Metabolic Features Associated With PCOS Among Transgender Men.


 * (May 2018) Recommendations for the Use of Testosterone in Male Transgender.


 * (March 2018) Pharmacokinetics, safety, and patient acceptability of subcutaneous versus intramuscular testosterone injection for gender-affirming therapy: A pilot study.


 * (February 2018) Severe Secondary Polycythemia in a Female-to-Male Transgender Patient While Using Lifelong Hormonal Therapy: A Patient’s Perspective.


 * (November 2017) Cross-sex testosterone therapy in ovariectomized mice: addition of low-dose estrogen preserves bone architecture.


 * (November 2017) Relationship between testosterone in serum, saliva and urine during treatment with intramuscular testosterone undecanoate in gender dysphoria and male hypogonadism.


 * (October 2017) The Response of the Menstrual Cycle to Initiation of Hormonal Therapy in Transgender Men.


 * (September 2017) Effects of testosterone therapy on BMI, blood pressure, and laboratory profile of transgender men: a systematic review.


 * (July 2017) Subcutaneous Injection of Testosterone Is an Effective and Preferred Alternative to Intramuscular Injection: Demonstration in Female-to-Male Transgender Patients.


 * (April 2017) Testosterone therapy for transgender men.


 * (March 2017) Hormonal and Surgical Treatment Options for Transgender Men (Female-to-Male).


 * (February 2016) Consecutive lynestrenol and cross-sex hormone treatment in biological female adolescents with gender dysphoria: a retrospective analysis.


 * (October 2015) High-Dose Testosterone Treatment Increases Serotonin Transporter Binding in Transgender People.


 * (May 2015) Antimüllerian hormone levels decrease in female-to-male transsexuals using testosterone as cross-sex therapy.


 * (February 2015) Testosterone treatment and MMPI-2 improvement in transgender men: a prospective controlled study.


 * (September 2013) Testosterone replacement elevates the serum uric acid levels in patients with female to male gender identity disorder.


 * (October 2012) Dose-response analysis of testosterone replacement therapy in patients with female to male gender identity disorder.


 * (January 2012) Associations between transition-specific stress experience, nocturnal decline in ambulatory blood pressure, and C-reactive protein levels among transgender men.


 * (March 2010) Alterations in Lipids and Adipocyte Hormones in Female-to-Male Transsexuals.


 * (September 2009) Safety aspects of 36 months of administration of long-acting intramuscular testosterone undecanoate for treatment of female-to-male transgender individuals.



Genital reconstruction surgery



 * (June 2020) The Effect of Forearm Tattoos on Flap Choice in Transmasculine Phalloplasty Patients


 * (January 2020) The Comparison of A New Durable Coronaplasty Technique with Norfolk Method for Glans Reconstruction after Phalloplasty *


 * (January 2020) Urethrographic Evaluation of Anatomic Findings and Complications after Perineal Masculinization and Phalloplasty in Transgender Patients.


 * (January 2020) Genital Gender-Affirming Surgery in Transgender Men in The Netherlands from 1989 to 2018: The Evolution of Surgical Care.


 * (November 2019) Robotic Excision of Vaginal Remnant/Urethral Diverticulum for Relief of Urinary Symptoms Following Phalloplasty in Transgender Men.


 * (November 2019) Fundamentals of prosthetic urology.


 * (October 2019) Robotic Hysterectomy as a Step of Gender Affirmative Surgery in Female-to-Male Patients.


 * (June 2019) A Retrospective Cohort Study on Surgical Outcomes of Penile Prosthesis Implantation Surgery in Transgender Men After Phalloplasty.*


 * (June 2019) Techniques and considerations of prosthetic surgery after phalloplasty in the transgender male.


 * (June 2019) Urethral stricture after phalloplasty.


 * (June 2019) Metoidioplasty: techniques and outcomes.


 * (May 2019) The Rise of the Neophallus: A Systematic Review of Penile Prosthetic Outcomes and Complications in Gender-Affirming Surgery.


 * (January 2019) Musculocutaneous latissimus dorsi flap for phalloplasty in female to male gender affirmation surgery.


 * (October 2018) Total Phalloplasty With Latissimus Dorsi Musculocutaneous Flap in Female-to-male Transgender Surgery.


 * (August 2018) Novel surgical techniques in female to male gender confirming surgery.


 * (July 2018) Phalloplasty Flap-Related Complication.


 * (July 2018) Penile Prostheses.


 * (July 2018) The Pedicled Anterolateral Thigh Phalloplasty.


 * (January 2018) Outcomes of inflatable penile prosthesis insertion in 247 patients completing female to male gender reassignment surgery.


 * (November 2017) Total vaginectomy and urethral lengthening at time of neourethral prelamination in transgender men.


 * (November 2017) Double flap phalloplasty in transgender men: Surgical technique and outcome of pedicled anterolateral thigh flap phalloplasty combined with radial forearm free flap urethral reconstruction.


 * (November 2017) How Big is Too Big? The Girth of Bestselling Insertive Sex Toys to Guide Maximal Neophallus Dimensions.


 * (November 2017) A Longitudinal Study of Motivations Before and Psychosexual Outcomes After Genital Gender-Confirming Surgery in Transmen.


 * (October 2017) Phalloplasty with Urethral Lengthening: Addition of a Vascularized Bulbospongiosus Flap from Vaginectomy Reduces Postoperative Urethral Complications.


 * (October 2017) MatriDerm Decreases Donor Site Morbidity After Radial Forearm Free Flap Harvest in Transgender Surgery.


 * (October 2017) Outcomes After Phalloplasty: Do Transgender Patients and Multiple Urethral Procedures Carry a Higher Rate of Complication?.


 * (August 2017) Combined hysterectomy and mastectomy surgery for transgender patients in an integrated health care setting.


 * (August 2017) Mystery and realities of phalloplasty: a systematic review.


 * (July 2017) Effects of long-term exogenous testosterone administration on ovarian morphology, determined by transvaginal (3D) ultrasound in female-to-male transsexuals.


 * (March 2017) An Update on Genital Reconstruction Options for the Female-to-Male Transgender Patient: A Review of the Literature.


 * (March 2017) Feasibility of Vaginal Hysterectomy for Female-to-Male Transgender Men.


 * (November 2016) Robot-assisted laparoscopic colpectomy in female-to-male transgender patients; technique and outcomes of a prospective cohort study.


 * (May 2012) The 2011 WPATH Standards of Care and Penile Reconstruction in Female-to-Male Transsexual Individuals.


 * (January 2011) Clinical applications of the pedicled anterolateral thigh flap in penile reconstruction.



Reproductive health



 * (September 2020) Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Gender Identity.


 * (September 2020) Markers of vitality in ovaries of transmen after long-term androgen treatment: a prospective cohort study. *


 * (January 2020) Surgical Outcomes for Transgender Men Undergoing Hysterectomy.


 * (March 2019) Uterine pathology in transmasculine persons on testosterone: a retrospective multicenter case series.


 * (January 2019) The Vaginal Microbiome of Transgender Men.


 * (November 2018) Oocyte cryopreservation among transmasculine youth: a case series.


 * (February 2018) Use of Copper Intrauterine Device in Transgender Male Adolescents.


 * (February 2018) A Literature Review of Cervical Cancer Screening in Transgender Men.


 * (December 2017) Could the female-to-male transgender population be donor candidates for uterus transplantation?


 * (November 2017) Induction and Maintenance of Amenorrhea in Transmasculine and Nonbinary Adolescents.


 * (November 2017) From erasure to opportunity: a qualitative study of the experiences of transgender men around pregnancy and recommendations for providers.


 * (September 2017) Hysterectomy for the Transgendered Male: Review of Perioperative Considerations and Surgical Techniques with Description of a Novel 2-Port Laparoscopic Approach.


 * (July 2017) Pelvic pain in transgender men taking testosterone: Assessing the risk of ovarian cancer.


 * (February 2017) Transgender men's experiences of fertility preservation: a qualitative study.


 * (October 2016) Uterine and ovarian changes during testosterone administration in young female-to-male transsexuals.


 * (March 2016) Transgender men and pregnancy.



Vocal therapy/surgery



 * (June 2020) Thyroplasty Type III to Lower the Vocal Pitch in Trans Men


 * (September 2017) Trans Male Voice in the First Year of Testosterone Therapy.


 * (April 2017) First Female-to-Male Facial Confirmation Surgery with Description of a New Procedure for Masculinization of the Thyroid Cartilage.


 * (January 2017) Effects of testosterone on the transgender male voice.


 * (April 2016) Voice deepening under testosterone treatment in female-to-male gender dysphoric individuals.


 * (June 2014) Voice in female-to-male transsexual persons after long-term androgen therapy.



Risk assessment



 * (October 2020) Testosterone administration increases leukocyte-endothelium interactions and inflammation in transgender men.


 * (September 2020) Testosterone therapy and breast histopathological features in transgender individuals.


 * (February 2020) Compromised endothelial function in transgender men taking testosterone.


 * (June 2019) Comparison of the Uroflowmetry Parameter Results Between Transgender Males Undergoing Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy and Age-Matched Cisgender Females: Preliminary Data.


 * (February 2018) A Literature Review of Cervical Cancer Screening in Transgender Men.


 * (February 2018) Severe Secondary Polycythemia in a Female-to-Male Transgender Patient While Using Lifelong Hormonal Therapy: A Patient’s Perspective.



Top surgery and binding



 * (February 2020) Outcome Measures in Gender-Confirming Chest Surgery: A Systematic Scoping Review.


 * (November 2019) Establishing a Cohort of Transgender Men and Gender Nonconforming Individuals to Understand the Molecular Impact of Testosterone on Breast Physiology.


 * (October 2019) The Ideal Male Nipple-Areola Complex: A Critical Review of the Literature and Discussion of Surgical Techniques for Female-to-Male Gender-Confirming Surgery.


 * (March 2019) A Drain-free Technique for Female-to-Male Gender Affirmation Chest Surgery Decreases Morbidity-Outcomes From 306 Consecutive Masculoplasties.


 * (December 2018) Chest Binding and Care Seeking Among Transmasculine Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.


 * (June 2018) Routine histopathological examination after female-to-male gender-confirming mastectomy.


 * (June 2018) A Single Surgeon's Experience With Transgender Female-to-Male Chest Surgery.


 * (September 2017) Surgical Indications and Outcomes of Mastectomy in Transmen: A Prospective Study of Technical and Self-Reported Measures.


 * (June 2018) Female-to-Male Gender-Affirming Chest Reconstruction Surgery.


 * (May 2018) Chest Reconstruction and Chest Dysphoria in Transmasculine Minors and Young Adults: Comparisons of Nonsurgical and Postsurgical Cohorts.


 * (May 2018) Modified Nipple Flap with Free Areolar Graft for Component Nipple-Areola Complex Construction: Outcomes with A Novel Technique for Chest Wall Reconstruction in Transgender Men.


 * (February 2018) The inferior dermal flap technique for trans male chest contouring.


 * (December 2017) Clinicopathological findings in female-to-male gender-affirming breast surgery.


 * (September 2017) Subcutaneous mastectomy in female-to-male transsexuals: Optimizing perioperative and operative management in 8 years clinical experience.


 * (September 2017) Female-to-Male Chest Reconstruction: A Review of Technique and Outcomes.


 * (July 2017) Chest reconstructive surgeries in transmasculine youth: Experience from one pediatric center.


 * (June 2017) A Review of 101 Consecutive Subcutaneous Mastectomies and Male Chest Contouring Using the Concentric Circular and Free Nipple Graft Techniques in Female-to-Male Transgender Patients.


 * (April 2017) Top Surgery in Transgender Men: How Far Can You Push the Envelope?


 * (November 2016) Body Image in Transmen: Multidimensional Measurement and the Effects of Mastectomy.


 * (October 2015) Health impact of chest binding among transgender adults: a community-engaged, cross-sectional study.


 * (April 2014) Adding value to rare tissue samples donated to biobanks: characterisation of breast tissue and primary cell cultures obtained from a female-to-male transgender patient.



Hormone replacement therapy



 * (September 2020) A systematic review of anti-androgens and feminisation in transgender women. *


 * (May 2020) Vascular and Inflammatory Effects of Estrogen and Anti-Androgen Therapy in the Testis and Epididymis of Male to Female Transgender Adults


 * (May 2020) Relationships between body mass index with oral estradiol dose and serum estradiol concentration in transgender adults undergoing feminising hormone therapy


 * (March 2020) Perioperative considerations for transgender women undergoing routine surgery: a narrative review.


 * (November 2019) Medroxyprogesterone Acetate in Gender-Affirming Therapy for Transwomen: Results From a Retrospective Study.*


 * (June 2019) Cyproterone acetate or spironolactone in lowering testosterone concentrations for transgender individuals receiving oestradiol therapy.*


 * (January 2019) Bicalutamide as an Androgen Blocker With Secondary Effect of Promoting Feminization in Male-to-Female Transgender Adolescents.


 * (May 2018) Hormonal Treatment of Transgender Women with Oral Estradiol.


 * (July 2018) Hormonal Management for Transfeminine Individuals.


 * (April 2018) Low estrogen doses normalize testosterone and estradiol levels to the female range in transgender women.


 * (March 2018) Spectrum of findings in orchiectomy specimens of persons undergoing gender confirmation surgery.


 * (January 2018) Case Report: Induced Lactation in a Transgender Woman.


 * (July 2017) Efficacy and Safety of Pubertal Induction Using 17β-Estradiol in Transgirls.


 * (April 2017) Oestrogen and anti-androgen therapy for transgender women.


 * (December 2012) Predictive markers for mammoplasty and a comparison of side effect profiles in transwomen taking various hormonal regimens.



Genital reconstruction surgery
<section begin=FemGRS />


 * (October 2020) The Gynecologic Exam of the Transfeminine Person Following Penile Inversion Vaginoplasty.


 * (May 2020) Transfeminine Gender Confirmation Surgery with Penile Inversion Vaginoplasty: An Initial Experience.


 * (May 2020) The neovaginal microbiome of transgender women post-gender reassignment surgery *


 * (January 2020) Single Port and Multi-Port Approaches for Robotic Vaginoplasty with the Davydov Technique.


 * (January 2020) A Simple Guide for Simple Orchiectomy in Transition-Related Surgeries.


 * (December 2019) Colic-Based Transplant in Sexual Reassignment Surgery: Functional Outcomes and Complications in 43 Consecutive Patients.


 * (December 2019) Tilapia Skin for Neovaginoplasty after Sex Reassignment Surgery.


 * (November 2019) Real-time indocyanine green fluorescent angiography in laparoscopic sigmoid vaginoplasty to assess perfusion of the pedicled sigmoid segment.


 * (June 2019) Transgender vaginoplasty: techniques and outcomes.


 * (January 2019) Age-Related Differences for Male-to-Female Transgender Patients Undergoing Gender-Affirming Surgery.


 * (September 2018) Transneovaginal repair of vesiconeovaginal fistula in female transgender.


 * (October 2017) Vaginoplasty with a Pudendal-groin Flap in Male-to-female Transsexuals.


 * (September 2018) Postoperative complications of male to female sex reassignment surgery: A 10-year French retrospective study.


 * (July 2018) Davydov Procedure for Augmenting Vaginal Length in a Postsurgical Male-to-Female Transgender Patient.


 * (July 2018) Sexual Function After Shallow and Full-Depth Vaginoplasty: Challenges, Clinical Findings, and Treatment Strategies- Urologic Perspectives.


 * (July 2018)Vaginoplasty Complications.


 * (July 2018) Gender-Affirming Penile Inversion Vaginoplasty.


 * (July 2018) Male-to-Female Gender Confirmation Surgery: Intestinal Vaginoplasty.


 * (June 2018) Does Depth Matter? Factors Affecting Choice of Vulvoplasty Over Vaginoplasty as Gender-Affirming Genital Surgery for Transgender Women.


 * (June 2018) Predictors of Patient Satisfaction and Postoperative Complications in Penile Inversion Vaginoplasty.


 * (May 2018) Primary Sigmoid Vaginoplasty in Transwomen: Technique and Outcomes.


 * (March 2018) Vaginal reconstruction with the modified rectosigmoid colon: surgical technique, long-term results and sexual outcomes.


 * (March 2018) Complications of the neovagina in male-to-female transgender surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis with discussion of management.


 * (February 2018) Surgical Satisfaction, Quality of Life, and Their Association After Gender-Affirming Surgery: A Follow-up Study.


 * (February 2018) Autologous Buccal Micro-Mucosa Free Graft combined with Posterior Scrotal Flap Transfer for Vaginoplasty in Male-To-Female Transsexuals: A Pilot Study.


 * (February 2018) Feminizing Genital Gender-Confirmation Surgery.


 * (November 2017) Neovaginal Construction with Pelvic Peritoneum: Reviewing an Old Approach for a New Application.


 * (November 2017) Male-to-Female Sex Reassignment Surgery using the Combined Vaginoplasty Technique: Satisfaction of Transgender Patients with Aesthetic, Functional, and Sexual Outcomes.


 * (November 2017) Gender Confirmation Surgery Using the Pedicle Transverse Colon Flap for Vaginal Reconstruction: A Clinical Outcome and Sexual Function Evaluation Study.


 * (March 2017) Penile Inversion Vaginoplasty with or without Additional Full-Thickness Skin Graft: To Graft or Not to Graft?


 * (April 2017) MR imaging in patients with male-to-female sex reassignment surgery: postoperative anatomy and complications.


 * (April 2017) Age Is Just a Number: WPATH-Affiliated Surgeons' Experiences and Attitudes Toward Vaginoplasty in Transgender Females Under 18 Years of Age in the United States.


 * (September 2016) Patient-Reported Esthetic and Functional Outcomes of Primary Total Laparoscopic Intestinal Vaginoplasty in Transgender Women With Penoscrotal Hypoplasia.


 * (June 2016) Clinical Characteristics and Management of Neovaginal Fistulas After Vaginoplasty in Transgender Women.


 * (November 2015) Testicular Functions and Clinical Characterization of Patients with Gender Dysphoria (GD) Undergoing Sex Reassignment Surgery (SRS).

<section end=FemGRS />

Reproductive health
<section begin=FemReproductive />


 * (August 2020) Vascular and inflammatory effects of estrogen and anti-androgen therapy in the testis and epididymis of male to female transgender adults.


 * (September 2020) Low Bone Mineral Density in Early Pubertal Transgender/Gender Diverse Youth: Findings From the Trans Youth Care Study.


 * (September 2020) Bone development in transgender adolescents treated with GnRH analogues and subsequent  gender affirming hormones. *


 * (August 2019) Successful Ejaculatory Sperm Cryopreservation After Cessation of Long-term Estrogen Therapy in a Transgender Female.


 * (July 2019) Effects of Estrogen on Spermatogenesis in Transgender Women.


 * (October 2018) SEMEN PARAMETERS AMONGST TRANSGENDER WOMEN WITH A HISTORY OF HORMONAL TREATMENT.


 * (August 2018) Uterine transplantation in transgender women.


 * (September 2017) Andrology of male-to-female transsexuals: Influence of cross-sex hormone therapy on testicular function.


 * (January 2017) Effects of Elevated β-Estradiol Levels on the Functional Morphology of the Testis - New Insights.

<section end=FemReproductive />

Vocal therapy / surgery
<section begin=FemVoice />


 * (August 2020) Voice and Stroboscopic Characteristics in Transgender Patients Seeking Gender-Affirming Voice Care. *


 * (August 2020) Addition of Wendler Glottoplasty to Voice Therapy Improves Trans Female Voice Outcomes.


 * (August 2020) Vocal Tradeoffs in Anterior Glottoplasty for Voice Feminization.


 * (February 2020) Vocal Feminization for Transgender Women: Current Strategies and Patient Perspectives *


 * (December 2019) An update on treatment of voice-gender incongruence by otolaryngologists and speech-language pathologists.


 * (July 2019) An ex vivo porcine model of the anterior glottoplasty for voice feminization surgery.


 * (June 2019) Acoustic Features of Transfeminine Voices and Perceptions of Voice Femininity.


 * (December 2018) An Examination of Vocal Tract Acoustics following Wendler's Glottoplasty.


 * (August 2018) Effects of Gender-confirming Pitch-raising Surgery in Transgender Women a Long-term Follow-up Study of Acoustic and Patient-reported Data.


 * (November 2017) Perceptual-Auditory and Acoustical Analysis of the Voices of Transgender Women.


 * (March 2017) Pitch Elevation in Male-to-female Transgender Persons—the Würzburg Approach.


 * (January 2017) An ICF Perspective on Voice-related Quality of Life of American Transgender Women.

<section end=FemVoice />

Risk assessment
<section begin=FemRisk />


 * (January 2019) Testicular Seminoma in a Transgender Woman: A Case Report.


 * (January 2019) Venous Thrombotic Risk in Transgender Women Undergoing Estrogen Therapy: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis.*


 * (October 2018) Medical dermatologic conditions in transgender women.


 * (June 2018) Presentation of a meningioma in a transwoman after nine years of cyproterone acetate and estradiol intake: case report and literature review.


 * (June 2018) Impact of cross-sex hormone therapy on bone mineral density and body composition in transwomen.


 * (November 2016) Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism in Transgender Women Receiving Oral Estradiol.


 * (April 2016) A case of first-onset psychosis and repeated relapses secondary to discontinuation of non-prescription estrogen replacement therapy in a transgendered female.


 * (February 2014) Bilateral non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy in a transsexual woman using excessive estrogen dosage.


 * (November 2013) Development of systemic lupus erythematosus in a male-to-female transsexual: the role of sex hormones revisited.

<section end=FemRisk />

Facial feminization surgery
<section begin=FemFFS />


 * (September 2020) Evaluating Patient Benefit From Laryngochondroplasty.


 * (July 2020) Transoral Chondrolaryngoplasty: Scarless Reduction of the Adam’s Apple.


 * (May 2020) Chondrolaryngoplasty for Transgender Patients: Feasibility of a Scar-Free Approach


 * (February 2020) Scarless Neck Feminization: Transoral Transvestibular Approach Chondrolaryngoplasty


 * (August 2019) Safety of Combined Facial Plastic Procedures Affecting Multiple Planes in a Single Setting in Facial Feminization for Transgender Patients.*


 * (June 2019) One-step facial feminization surgery: The importance of a custom-made preoperative planning and patient satisfaction assessment.


 * (May 2019) Gender-confirming Rhinoplasty.


 * (May 2019) Lower Jaw Recontouring in Facial Gender-Affirming Surgery.


 * (May 2019) Midfacial Bony Remodeling.


 * (October 2018) Mandibular feminization osteotomy-preliminary results.


 * (July 2018) Feminizing the Face: Combination of Frontal Bone Reduction and Reduction Rhinoplasty.*


 * (October 2017) Formations of Femininity: Science and Aesthetics in Facial Feminization Surgery.


 * (August 2017) Thyroid chondroplasty: Smoothing the thyroid cartilage— A retrospective study of thyroid chondroplasty for feminine neck appearance.


 * (June 2016) Facial Feminization: Systematic Review of the Literature.

<section end=FemFFS />

Non-binary / genderqueer
<section begin=EnbyGeneral />


 * (August 2019) Comparing the health of non-binary and binary transgender adults in a statewide non-probability sample.*


 * (June 2019) Health of Non-binary and Genderqueer People: A Systematic Review.*

<section end=EnbyGeneral />

Demographic studies / population analysis
<section begin=Demographics />


 * (August 2019) Required Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Reporting by US Health Centers: First-Year Data.


 * (June 2019) Size and Distribution of Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Populations: A Narrative Review.


 * (June 2019) Demographic and temporal trends in transgender identities and gender confirming surgery.

<section end=Demographics />

Mental health
<section begin=MentalHealth />


 * (November 2019) Hormonal Treatment Effect on Sexual Distress in Transgender Persons: 2-Year Follow-Up Data.


 * (October 2019) Psychosocial Resources and Quality of Life in Transgender Women following Gender-Affirming Surgery.


 * (October 2019) Paranoia in patients with gender dysphoria: A clinical exploration.


 * (May 2019) Improving the Gender-Affirmation Process for Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Individuals: Associations Among Time Since Transition Began, Body Satisfaction, and Sexual Distress.


 * (January 2019) The Complexities of Treatment Planning for Transgender Youth with Co-Occurring Severe Mental Illness: A Literature Review and Case Study.

<section end=MentalHealth />

Gender confirming surgery
<section begin=GCS />


 * (July 2020) Spectrum of imaging findings in gender-affirming genital surgery: Intraoperative photographs, normal post-operative anatomy, and common complications


 * (June 2019) Overview of surgical techniques in gender-affirming genital surgery.

<section end=GCS />

Dermatology
<section begin=Dermatology />


 * (August 2019) Issues in transgender dermatology: A systematic review of the literature.


 * (June 2019) Medical and aesthetic procedural dermatology recommendations for transgender patients undergoing transition.

<section end=Dermatology />

Bone health
<section begin=BoneHealth />


 * (December 2020) Bone Development in Transgender Adolescents Treated With GnRH Analogues and Subsequent Gender-Affirming Hormones.


 * (November 2020) Digit ratio (2D:4D) and transgender identity: new original data and a meta-analysis.


 * (December 2019) Skeletal considerations in the medical treatment of transgender people.


 * (October 2019) Bone geometry and trabecular bone score in transgender people before and after short- and long-term hormonal treatment.


 * (September 2019) Physical changes, laboratory parameters, and bone mineral density during testosterone treatment in adolescents with gender dysphoria.


 * (September 2019) Bone Mineral Density in Transgender Individuals After Gonadectomy and Long-Term Gender-Affirming Hormonal Treatment.


 * (September 2019) Transgender bone health.


 * (September 2019) Imaging Findings in Transgender Patients after Gender-affirming Surgery.


 * (June 2019) Systematic Review of the Long-Term Effects of Transgender Hormone Therapy on Bone Markers and Bone Mineral Density and Their Potential Effects in Implant Therapy.


 * (March 2019) Bone Mass Effects of Cross-Sex Hormone Therapy in Transgender People: Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.


 * (November 2017) Effect of Sex Steroids on the Bone Health of Transgender Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.


 * (May 2017) Bone Mineral Density Increases in Trans Persons After 1 Year of Hormonal Treatment: A Multiscenter Prospective Observational Study.


 * (February 2017) Effect of pubertal suppression and cross-sex hormone therapy on bone turnover markers and bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) in transgender adolescents.

<section end=BoneHealth />

Reproductive health
<section begin=GeneralReproductive />


 * (December 2019) Trans* Pregnancy and Lactation: A Literature Review from a Nursing Perspective.


 * (November 2019) Fertility preservation for transgender adolescents and young adults: a systematic review.


 * (June 2019) Fertility concerns of the transgender patient.


 * (July 2018) Contraceptive challenges and the transgender individual.


 * (July 2017) Fertility Preservation for Transgender Adolescents.

<section end=GeneralReproductive />

Hormone replacement therapy
<section begin=GeneralHRT />


 * (December 2020) Hormone therapy, health outcomes and the role of nutrition in transgender individuals: A scoping review. *


 * (November 2020) Timing of Puberty Suppression and Surgical Options for Transgender Youth. *


 * (October 2020) Systematic Review: Puberty suppression with GnRH analogues in adolescents with gender incongruity.


 * (September 2020) The effect of early puberty suppression on treatment options and outcomes in transgender patients.


 * (August 2020) Is there a role for 5α-reductase inhibitors in transgender individuals?


 * (May 2020) Hormonal Treatment Strategies Tailored to Non-Binary Transgender Individuals *


 * (April 2020) Androgenetic Alopecia in Gender Minority Patients


 * (March 2020) Effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy on insulin resistance and body composition in transgender individuals: A systematic review *


 * (March 2020) Trajectories of Adolescents Treated with Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogues for Gender Dysphoria.*


 * (March 2020) Advancements in the gold standard: Measuring steroid sex hormones by mass spectrometry *


 * (February 2020) Effects of hormones and hormone therapy on breast tissue in transgender patients: a concise review *


 * (December 2019) Muscle strength, size and composition following 12 months of gender-affirming treatment in transgender individuals.


 * (November 2019) Clinical Course of Transgender Adolescents with Complicated Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome Undergoing Hormonal Therapy in Gender Transition: A Case Series.


 * (October 2019) The Effects of Transgender Hormone Therapy on Sleep and Breathing: A Case Series.


 * (August 2019) Transgender health: Hormonal management at 50 years and beyond.


 * (June 2019) Cardiometabolic Effects of Testosterone in Transmen and Estrogen Plus Cyproterone Acetate in Transwomen.


 * (May 2019) Hematology reference intervals for transgender adults on stable hormone therapy.


 * (April 2019) No correlation between serum testosterone levels and state-level anger intensity in transgender people: Results from the European Network for the Investigation of Gender Incongruence.


 * (January 2019) Impact of Hormone Therapy on Laboratory Values in Transgender Patients.


 * (January 2019) Effects of Gender-Affirming Hormones on Lipid, Metabolic, and Cardiac Surrogate Blood Markers in Transgender Persons.


 * (June 2018) Trends in the use of puberty blockers among transgender children in the United States.


 * (June 2018) Endocrine treatment of aging transgender people.


 * (June 2018) Proandrogenic and Antiandrogenic Progestins in Transgender Youth: Differential Effects on Body Composition and Bone Metabolism.


 * (November 2017) Gender-Affirming Pharmacological Interventions for Youth With Gender Dysphoria: When Treatment Guidelines Are Not Enough.


 * (October 2017) Changes in hormonal and metabolic parameters in transgender subjects on cross-sex hormone therapy: A cohort study.


 * (September 2017) Gender Opportunities in Psychosocial Oncology.


 * (May 2017) Cross-Sex Hormones and Metabolic Parameters in Adolescents With Gender Dysphoria.


 * (July 2016) Efficacy and Safety of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist Treatment to Suppress Puberty in Gender Dysphoric Adolescents.


 * (February 2016) Mad men, women and steroid cocktails: A review of the impact of sex and other factors on anabolic androgenic steroids effects on affective behaviors.


 * (January 2016) A Systematic Review of the Effects of Hormone Therapy on Psychological Functioning and Quality of Life in Transgender Individuals.


 * (June 2015) Hormone therapy in transgender adults is safe with provider supervision; A review of hormone therapy sequelae for transgender individuals.

<section end=GeneralHRT />

Risk assessment
<section begin=GeneralRisk />


 * (February 2020) Effects of Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy on Insulin Sensitivity and Incretin Responses in Transgender People.


 * (January 2020) Fracture Risk in Trans Women and Trans Men Using Long-Term Gender-Affirming Hormonal Treatment: A Nationwide Cohort Study.


 * (December 2019) Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy, Vascular Health and Cardiovascular Disease in Transgender Adults.


 * (July 2019) Managing the risk of venous thromboembolism in transgender adults undergoing hormone therapy.


 * (October 2018) Breast cancer in transgender patients: A systematic review. Part 1: Male to female.


 * B(October 2018) reast cancer in transgender patients: A systematic review. Part 2: Female to Male.


 * (August 2018) Gender-affirming hormone therapy and the risk of sex hormone-dependent tumours in transgender individuals-A systematic review.


 * (January 2018) Breast Imaging of Transgender Individuals: A Review.


 * (January 2018) Understanding and Addressing Hair Disorders in Transgender Individuals.


 * (November 2017) Sex Steroids and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Transgender Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.


 * (September 2017) Preventive Health for Transgender Men and Women.


 * (September 2017) Is Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus More Prevalent Than Expected in Transgender Persons? A Local Observation.


 * (August 2017) Cardiovascular Disease Among Transgender Adults Receiving Hormone Therapy: A Narrative Review.


 * (April 2017) Gender Dysphoria and Co-Existing Psychosis: Review and Four Case Examples of Successful Gender Affirmative Treatment.

<section end=GeneralRisk />

Evaluation and assessment
<section begin=Evaluation />


 * (June 2018) Evaluation and Treatment of Gender Dysphoria to Prepare for Gender Confirmation Surgery.


 * (April 2018) Gender incongruence: a comparative study using ICD-10 and DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.

<section end=Evaluation />

Body contouring
<section begin=Contouring />


 * (October 2020) The Impact of Chest Binding in Transgender and Gender Diverse Youth and Young Adults. *


 * (September 2020) A Review of Hand Feminization and Masculinization Techniques in Gender Affirming Therapy.


 * (May 2020) A Comparison of Gender-Affirming Chest Surgery in Nonbinary Versus Transmasculine Patients.


 * (April 2020) Minimally Invasive Procedures for Gender Affirmation


 * (August 2019) Masculinizing Chest Reconstruction in Transgender and Nonbinary Individuals: An Analysis of Epidemiology, Surgical Technique, and Postoperative Outcomes.*


 * (June 2019) Chest and facial surgery for the transgender patient.


 * (May 2019) Gender-Affirming Hormone Treatment Induces Facial Feminization in Transwomen and Masculinization in Transmen: Quantification by 3D Scanning and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures.


 * (May 2019) Nonsurgical Management of Facial Masculinization and Feminization.


 * (July 2018) Chest Surgery for Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Individuals.


 * (July 2018) Breast and Body Contouring for Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Individuals.

<section end=Contouring />

Facial modification
<section begin=FacialModification />


 * (October 2018) Nonsurgical Management of Facial Masculinization and Feminization.


 * (October 2018) Gender Reassignment: Feminization and Masculinization of the Neck.

<section end=FacialModification />

Interpersonal relationships & sexuality
<section begin=RelationshipsSexuality />


 * (October 2018) Supporting sexuality and improving sexual function in transgender persons.


 * (October 2018) Queer Intimacies: A New Paradigm for the Study of Relationship Diversity.


 * (October 2018) An Exploratory Study of Predictors of Relationship Commitment for Cisgender Female Partners of Transgender Individuals.

<section end=RelationshipsSexuality />

Spironolactone
<section begin=Spironolactone />


 * (January 2018) Biorelevant Media Slows the Solution-Mediated Phase Transformation of Amorphous Spironolactone.


 * (November 2017) Testosterone levels achieved by medically treated transgender women in a united states endocrinology clinic cohort.


 * (March 2017) Metabolomics for informing adverse outcome pathways: Androgen receptor activation and the pharmaceutical spironolactone.


 * (February 2017) Synthetic approaches towards the multi target drug spironolactone and its potent analogues/derivatives.


 * (October 2016) Scalp Hair Regrowth in Hormone-Treated Transgender Woman.


 * (December 2006) Spironolactone might be a desirable immunologic and hormonal intervention in autism spectrum disorders.


 * (May 2000) Spironolactone as a single agent for long-term therapy of hirsute patients.

<section end=Spironolactone />

Cyproterone
<section begin=Cyproterone />


 * (October 2017) Transient Elevated Serum Prolactin in Trans Women Is Caused by Cyproterone Acetate Treatment.


 * (May 2017) Consecutive Cyproterone Acetate and Estradiol Treatment in Late-Pubertal Transgender Female Adolescents.


 * (March 2017) Is a lower dose of cyproterone acetate as effective at testosterone suppression in transgender women as higher doses?


 * (November 2016) Differential Effects of Cyproterone Acetate vs Spironolactone on Serum High-Density Lipoprotein and Prolactin Concentrations in the Hormonal Treatment of Transgender Women.


 * (August 2016) Cyproterone acetate vs leuprolide acetate in combination with transdermal oestradiol in transwomen: a comparison of safety and effectiveness.

<section end=Cyproterone />

Leuprolide
<section begin=Leuprolide />


 * (June 2016) Preparation and evaluation of a phospholipid-based injectable gel for the long term delivery of leuprolide acetaterrh.


 * (November 2015) Extended release, 6-month formulations of leuprolide acetate for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer: achieving testosterone levels below 20 ng/dl.


 * (October 2015) Leuprolide Acetate Inhibits Spinal Cord Inflammatory Response in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Suppressing NF-κB Activation.


 * (January 2015) Leuprolide acetate-stimulated androgen response during female puberty.


 * (October 2014) Aqueous stability of leuprolide acetate: effect of temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and complexation with β-cyclodextrin.


 * (February 2012) Leuprolide acetate: pharmaceutical use and delivery potentials.


 * (July 2011) A 6-month depot formulation of leuprolide acetate is safe and effective in daily clinical practice: a non-interventional prospective study in 1273 patients.


 * (March 2011) Leuprolide Acetate 1-Month Depot for Central Precocious Puberty: Hormonal Suppression and Recovery.


 * (April 2010) Effectiveness, pharmacokinetics, and safety of a new sustained-release leuprolide acetate 3.75-mg depot formulation for testosterone suppression in patients with prostate cancer: a Phase III, open-label, international multicenter study.


 * (July 2008) Tibolone reverses the cognitive effects caused by leuprolide acetate administration, improving mood and quality of life in patients with symptomatic uterine leiomyomas.


 * (May 2008) Equivalent and sufficient effects of leuprolide acetate and goserelin acetate to suppress serum testosterone levels in patients with prostate cancer.


 * (December 2004) Patterns of hormonal response to the GnRH agonist leuprolide in brothers of women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a pilot study.


 * (December 2004) Treatment with leuprolide acetate decreases the threshold of the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide in healthy males.


 * (July 2002) Comparison Between a Single Dose of Goserelin (Depot) and Multiple Daily Doses of Leuprolide Acetate for Pituitary Suppression in IVF Treatment: A Clinical Endocrinological Study of the Ovarian Response.


 * (February 2002) Serum luteinizing hormone rises within minutes after depot leuprolide injection: implications for monitoring therapy.

<section end=Leuprolide />

Bicalutamide
<section begin=Bicalutamide />


 * (January 2019) Bicalutamide as an Androgen Blocker With Secondary Effect of Promoting Feminization in Male-to-Female Transgender Adolescents.


 * Testosterone/bicalutamide (December 2017) antagonism at the predicted extracellular androgen binding site of ZIP9.


 * (December 2017) Development of 5N-Bicalutamide, a High-Affinity Reversible Covalent Antiandrogen.


 * (July 2016) Efficacy of Immediate Switching from Bicalutamide to Flutamide as Second-Line Combined Androgen Blockade.


 * (December 2015) Interaction mechanism exploration of R-bicalutamide/S-1 with WT/W741L AR using molecular dynamics simulations.


 * (August 2015) A Randomized Control Trial Comparing the Efficacy of Antiandrogen Monotherapy: Flutamide vs. Bicalutamide.


 * (January 2015) Effects of the ABCG2 and ABCB1 drug transporter polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of bicalutamide in humans.


 * (February 2015) Binding of a Cyano- and Fluoro-containing Drug Bicalutamide to Cytochrome P450 46A1.


 * (February 2015) Species-dependent binding of new synthesized bicalutamide analogues to albumin by optical biosensor analysis.


 * (July 2014) Optical biosensor analysis in studying new synthesized bicalutamide analogs binding to androgen receptor.


 * (January 2012) The relative bioavailability study and fasting and fed states pharmacokinetics of bicalutamide 50-mg tablets in healthy Chinese volunteers.


 * (February 2011) Formation of bicalutamide nanodispersion for dissolution rate enhancement.


 * (May 2010) Prolonged treatment with bicalutamide induces androgen receptor overexpression and androgen hypersensitivity.


 * (February 2009) Mechanistic studies on the synthesis of bicalutamide.


 * (September 2007) Activity of Androgen Receptor Antagonist Bicalutamide in Prostate Cancer Cells Is Independent of NCoR and SMRT Corepressors.


 * (May 2002) Bicalutamide Functions as an Androgen Receptor Antagonist by Assembly of a Transcriptionally Inactive Receptor.

<section end=Bicalutamide />

Enzalutamide
<section begin=Enzalutamide />


 * (January 2018) Drug-drug interaction potential in men treated with enzalutamide: Mind the gap.


 * (December 2017) Impact of enzalutamide and its main metabolite N-desmethyl enzalutamide on pharmacokinetically important drug metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters.


 * (August 2017) Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion of the Androgen Receptor Inhibitor Enzalutamide in Rats and Dogs.

<section end=Enzalutamide />

Tamoxifen
<section begin=Tamoxifen />


 * (January 2018) Effects of tamoxifen on neuronal morphology, connectivity and biochemistry of hypothalamic ventromedial neurons: Impact on the modulators of sexual behavior.


 * (January 2018) Tamoxifen a pioneering drug: An update on the therapeutic potential of tamoxifen derivatives.


 * (August 2017) A Molecular Combination of Zinc(II) Phthalocyanine and Tamoxifen Derivative for Dual Targeting Photodynamic Therapy and Hormone Therapy.


 * (July 2017) Mechanism of Off-Target Interactions and Toxicity of Tamoxifen and Its Metabolites.


 * (June 2017) The Effects of Tamoxifen on Plasma Lipoprotein(a) Concentrations: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.


 * (March 2017) Anordrin Eliminates Tamoxifen Side Effects without Changing Its Antitumor Activity.


 * (December 2016) Tamoxifen Isomers and Metabolites Exhibit Distinct Affinity and Activity at Cannabinoid Receptors: Potential Scaffold for Drug Development.


 * (August 2016) Tamoxifen Resistance: Emerging Molecular Targets.


 * (August 2016) Tamoxifen accelerates the repair of demyelinated lesions in the central nervous system.


 * (August 2016) Tamoxifen: an FDA approved drug with neuroprotective effects for spinal cord injury recovery.


 * (May 2016) Tamoxifen Dose Escalation in Patients With Diminished CYP2D6 Activity Normalizes Endoxifen Concentrations Without Increasing Toxicity.


 * (May 2015) Tamoxifen regulation of sphingolipid metabolism—therapeutic implications.


 * (November 2014) CB1 and CB2 Receptors are Novel Molecular Targets for Tamoxifen and 4OH-Tamoxifen.


 * (August 2012) Tamoxifen for the management of breast events induced by non-steroidal antiandrogens in patients with prostate cancer: a systematic review.


 * (July 2007) Tamoxifen as prophylaxis for prevention of gynaecomastia and breast pain associated with bicalutamide 150 mg monotherapy in patients with prostate cancer: a randomised, placebo-controlled, dose-response study.

<section end=Tamoxifen />

Afimoxifene
<section begin=Afimoxifene />


 * (September 2015) Boronic prodrug of 4-hydroxytamoxifen is more efficacious than tamoxifen with enhanced bioavailability independent of CYP2D6 status.


 * (May 2010) Synthesis and Characterizaton of Fluorescent 4-Hydroxytamoxifen Conjugates with Unique Antiestrogenic Properties.


 * (July 2001) 4-Hydroxytamoxifen binds to and deactivates the estrogen-related receptor γ.

<section end=Afimoxifene />

Toremifene
<section begin=Toremifene />


 * (October 2015) Comparative metabolic study between two selective estrogen receptor modulators, toremifene and tamoxifen, in human liver microsomes.


 * (August 2015) Nano-Targeted Delivery of Toremifene, an Estrogen Receptor-α Blocker in Prostate Cancer.


 * (June 2012) Sulfation of 4-Hydroxy Toremifene: Individual Variability, Isoform Specificity, and Contribution to Toremifene Pharmacogenomics.


 * (November 2011) Relevance of the selective oestrogen receptor modulators tamoxifen, toremifene and clomiphene in doping field: endogenous steroids urinary profile after multiple oral doses.


 * (April 2006) Toremifene: an evaluation of its safety profile.


 * (August 2009) Clinical usefulness of high-dose toremifene in patients relapsed on treatment with an aromatase inhibitor.


 * (December 1996) Influence of age on toremifene pharmacokinetics.

<section end=Toremifene />

Endoxifen
<section begin=Endoxifen />


 * (October 2016) Endoxifen, a New Treatment Option for Mania: A Double‐Blind, Active‐Controlled Trial Demonstrates the Antimanic Efficacy of Endoxifen.


 * (September 2016) Design, Synthesis and Biochemical Evaluation of Novel Selective Estrogen Receptor Ligand Conjugates Incorporating an Endoxifen-Combretastatin Hybrid Scaffold.


 * (July 2016) Boronic Prodrug of Endoxifen as an Effective Hormone Therapy for Breast Cancer.


 * (October 2014) Pharmacokinetics of endoxifen and tamoxifen in female mice: implications for comparative in vivo activity studies.


 * (May 2014) Influence of the Length and Positioning of the Antiestrogenic Side Chain of Endoxifen and 4-Hydroxytamoxifen on Gene Activation and Growth of Estrogen Receptor Positive Cancer Cells.


 * (April 2010) Structure Function Relationships of Estrogenic Triphenylethylenes Related to Endoxifen and 4-Hydroxytamoxifen.

<section end=Endoxifen />

Fulvestrant-3-boronic acid
<section begin=ZB716 />


 * (October 2017) Metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and bioavailability of ZB716, a Steroidal Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulator (SERD).


 * (September 2016) Fulvestrant-3 Boronic Acid (ZB716): An Orally Bioavailable Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulator (SERD).

<section end=ZB716 />

Raloxifene
<section begin=Raloxifene />


 * (December 2017) Oral bioavailability enhancement of raloxifene by developing microemulsion using D-optimal mixture design: optimization and in-vivo pharmacokinetic study.


 * (May 2016) Nanostructured lipid carriers for oral bioavailability enhancement of raloxifene: Design and in vivo study.


 * (January 2005) Effects of raloxifene, hormone therapy, and soy isoflavone on serum high-sensitive C-reactive protein in postmenopausal women.


 * (April 2003) Adrenal function under long-term raloxifene administration.

<section end=Raloxifene />

Finasteride
<section begin=Finasteride />


 * (December 2017) Negative Impact of Testosterone Deficiency and 5α-Reductase Inhibitors Therapy on Metabolic and Sexual Function in Men.


 * (October 2017) Therapeutic experience with oral finasteride for androgenetic alopecia in female-to-male transgender patients.


 * (July 2017) Neuroactive steroid levels and psychiatric and andrological features in post-finasteride patients.


 * (August 2016) 5-Alpha-Reductase Inhibitors and Combination Therapy.


 * (March 2016) Opposite effects of dihydrotestosterone and estradiol on apoptosis in the anterior pituitary gland from male rats.


 * (September 2004) Comparison of clinical trials with finasteride and dutasteride.

<section end=Finasteride />

Genetics
<section begin=Genetics />


 * (January 2020) Polymorphic Cytosine-Adenine-Guanine Repeat Length of Androgen Receptor Gene and Gender Incongruence in Trans Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies.


 * (December 2019) The Use of Whole Exome Sequencing in a Cohort of Transgender Individuals to Identify Rare Genetic Variants.

<section end=Genetics />

Counseling
<section begin=Counseling />


 * (November 2019) Trans-inclusive genetic counseling services: Recommendations from members of the transgender and non-binary community.


 * (June 2019) Trans-counseling: A case series of transgender individuals at high risk for BRCA1 pathogenic variants.

<section end=Counseling />

DMRT1/SOX9 + FOXL2/WNT-4/β-catenin
<section begin=DMRT1FOXL2 />


 * (April 2015) An ancient protein-DNA interaction underlying metazoan sex determination.


 * (March 2015) Sexual Cell-Fate Reprogramming in the Ovary by DMRT1.


 * (February 2014) FOXL2: A Central Transcription Factor in the Ovary.


 * (December 2013) Antagonistic roles of Dmrt1 and Foxl2 in sex differentiation via estrogen production in tilapia as demonstrated by TALENs.


 * (February 2012) Sex and the singular DM domain: insights into sexual regulation, evolution and plasticity.


 * (August 2011) DMRT1 prevents female reprogramming in the postnatal mammalian testis.


 * (March 2011) Failure of SOX9 Regulation in 46XY Disorders of Sex Development with SRY, SOX9 and SF1 Mutations.


 * (February 2011) Sex determination and the control of Sox9 expression in mammals.


 * (December 2010) Aromatase Is a Direct Target of FOXL2: C134W in Granulosa Cell Tumors via a Single Highly Conserved Binding Site in the Ovarian Specific Promoter.


 * (March 2010) Doublesex- and Mab-3-Related Transcription Factor-1 Repression of Aromatase Transcription, a Possible Mechanism Favoring the Male Pathway in Tilapia.


 * (December 2009) Somatic sex reprogramming of adult ovaries to testes by FOXL2 ablation.


 * (December 2009) Females battle to suppress their inner male.


 * (June 2009) The PGD2 pathway, independently of FGF9, amplifies SOX9 activity in Sertoli cells during male sexual differentiation.


 * (February 2008) Activation of b-catenin signaling by Rspo1 controls differentiation of the mammalian ovary.


 * (July 2005) Gonadal sex reversal in mutant Dax1 XY mice: a failure to upregulate Sox9 in pre-Sertoli cells.


 * (March 2000) SRY, SOX9, and DAX1 expression patterns during human sex determination and gonadal development.

<section end=DMRT1FOXL2 />

Androgen receptors
<section begin=AndroReceptors />


 * (September 2014)Selectively targeting the DNA-binding domain of the androgen receptor as a prospective therapy for prostate cancer.


 * (September 2013) Androgen receptor epigenetics review article.


 * (January 2013) Identification of novel androgen receptor antagonists using structure- and ligand-based methods.


 * (June 2012) Structure-based Virtual Screening and Identification of a Novel Androgen Receptor Antagonist.


 * (June 2012) Nonsteroidal Androgen Receptor Ligands: Versatile Syntheses and Biological Data.


 * (October 2010) Developments in nonsteroidal antiandrogens targeting the androgen receptor.


 * (July 2010) New Selective Estrogen and Androgen Receptor Modulators.


 * (June 2010) Alternative inhibition of androgen receptor signaling: Peptidomimetic pyrimidines as direct androgen receptor/coactivator disruptors.


 * (June 2007) The liver X receptor agonist T0901317 acts as androgen receptor antagonist in human prostate cancer cells.


 * (April 2007) Circumventing Anti-Androgen Resistance by Molecular Design.


 * (March 2007) A novel class of pyranocoumarin anti-androgen receptor signaling compounds.


 * (March 2007) Discovery of an androgen receptor modulator pharmacophore based on 2-quinolinones.


 * (May 2006) The Corepressors Silencing Mediator of Retinoid and Thyroid Hormone Receptor and Nuclear Receptor Corepressor Are Involved in Agonist- and Antagonist-Regulated Transcription by Androgen Receptor.


 * (July 2005) LSD1 demethylates repressive histone marks to promote androgen-receptor-dependent transcription.


 * (December 2004) The Androgen Receptor Recruits Nuclear Receptor CoRepressor (N-CoR) in the Presence of Mifepristone via Its N and C Termini Revealing a Novel Molecular Mechanism for Androgen Receptor Antagonists.


 * (March 2004) Androgen Regulation of the Human Hair Follicle: The Type I Hair Keratin hHa7 Is a Direct Target Gene in Trichocytes.


 * (January 2004) Antiandrogen Effects of Mifepristone on Coactivator and Corepressor Interactions with the Androgen Receptor.


 * (March 2002) Formation of the Androgen Receptor Transcription Complex.

<section end=AndroReceptors />

Estrogen receptors
<section begin=EstroReceptors />


 * (March 2017) Chlorinated biphenyls effect on estrogen-related receptor expression, steroid secretion, mitochondria ultrastructure but not on mitochondrial membrane potential in Leydig cells.


 * (January 2017) Molecular mechanism of estrogen–estrogen receptor signaling.


 * (December 2016) Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators: Cannabinoid Receptor Inverse Agonists with Differential CB1 and CB2 Selectivity.


 * (August 2016) A new Suzuki synthesis of triphenylethylenes that inhibit aromatase and bind to estrogen receptors α and β.


 * (April 2016) Predictive features of ligand‐specific signaling through the estrogen receptor.


 * (June 2015) The Molecular, Cellular and Clinical Consequences of Targeting the Estrogen Receptor Following Estrogen Deprivation Therapy.


 * (May 2015) Transactivation Function-2 of Estrogen Receptor α Contains Transactivation Function-1-regulating Element.


 * (August 2014) Selective estrogen receptor modulators: tissue specificity and clinical utility.


 * (July 2014) Profiling of the Tox21 10K compound library for agonists and antagonists of the estrogen receptor alpha signaling pathway.


 * (November 2011) In Vitro and in Vivo Molecular Imaging of Estrogen Receptor α and β Homo- and Heterodimerization: Exploration of New Modes of Receptor Regulation.


 * (May 2011) High content imaging-based assay to classify estrogen receptor-α ligands based on defined mechanistic outcomes.


 * (May 2011) A modulated empirical Bayes model for identifying topological and temporal estrogen receptor α regulatory networks in breast cancer.


 * (October 2009) Unique Ligand Binding Patterns Between Estrogen Receptor α and β Revealed by Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange.


 * (January 2004) Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators 4-Hydroxytamoxifen and Raloxifene Impact the Stability and Function of SRC-1 and SRC-3 Coactivator Proteins.


 * (March 1999) Estrogen receptor (ER) modulators each induce distinct conformational changes in ER α and ER β.

<section end=EstroReceptors />

Aromatase
<section begin=Aromatase />


 * (November 2017) Ergostane-Type Sterols from King Trumpet Mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) and Their Inhibitory Effects on Aromatase.


 * (October 2017) Sulfonanilide Derivatives in Identifying Novel Aromatase Inhibitors by Applying Docking, Virtual Screening, and MD Simulations Studies.


 * (July 2017) High-Throughput Analysis of Ovarian Cycle Disruption by Mixtures of Aromatase Inhibitors.


 * (May 2017) Aromatase inhibitory activity of 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives and QSAR study.


 * (November 2016) Six new ergostane-type steroids from king trumpet mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) and their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production.


 * (April 2016) Relationship Between Breast Density and Selective Estrogen-Receptor Modulators, Aromatase Inhibitors, Physical Activity, and Diet.


 * (January 2016) Recent Progress in the Discovery of Next Generation Inhibitors of Aromatase from the Structure–Function Perspective.


 * (December 2015) Synthesis of Triphenylethylene Bisphenols as Aromatase Inhibitors that Also Modulate Estrogen Receptors.


 * (December 2015) Modulation of Aromatase by Phytoestrogens.


 * (September 2015) Comparative study on individual aromatase inhibitors on cardiovascular safety profile: a network meta-analysis.


 * (June 2014) Local Transformations of Androgens into Estradiol by Aromatase P450 Is Involved in the Regulation of Prolactin and the Proliferation of Pituitary Prolactin-Positive Cells.


 * (December 2013) Dynamics and Flexibility of Human Aromatase Probed by FTIR and Time Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy.


 * (August 2013) Molecular Simulations of Aromatase Reveal New Insights Into the Mechanism of Ligand Binding.


 * (May 2013) Testosterone-derived estradiol production by male endothelium is robust and dependent on p450 aromatase via estrogen receptor alpha.


 * (March 2013) Synthesis and Structure–Activity Relationship Studies of Derivatives of the Dual Aromatase–Sulfatase Inhibitor 4-{[(4-Cyanophenyl)(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)aminomethyl}phenyl sulfamate.


 * (February 2012) Development of a new class of aromatase inhibitors: Design, synthesis and inhibitory activity of 3-phenylchroman-4-one (isoflavanone) derivatives.


 * (August 2011) Sex Differences in Brain Aromatase Activity: Genomic and Non-Genomic Controls.


 * (October 2010) Aromatase, Estrone Sulfatase, and 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase: Structure-Function Studies and Inhibitor Development.


 * (January 2010) Diversity of mechanisms involved in aromatase regulation and estrogen action in the brain.


 * (November 2009) Sequence-function correlation of aromatase and its interaction with reductase.


 * (September 2009) Regulation of aromatase induction by nuclear receptor coregulator PELP1.


 * (September 2009) The Critical Iron-Oxygen Intermediate in Human Aromatase.


 * (July 2010) Antiestrogen pathway (aromatase inhibitor).


 * (February 2010) Structural basis for androgen specificity and oestrogen synthesis in human aromatase.


 * (June 2008) Xanthones from the Botanical Dietary Supplement Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) with Aromatase Inhibitory Activity.


 * (February 2008) Aromatase Expression in the Ovary: Hormonal and Molecular Regulation.

<section end=Aromatase />

Standards of care & practice guidelines
<section begin=CareGuidelines />


 * (February 2020) Development and Validation of the Trans-Inclusive Provider Scale.


 * (June 2018) Australian standards of care and treatment guidelines for transgender and gender diverse children and adolescents.


 * (November 2017) Endocrine Treatment of Gender-Dysphoric/Gender-Incongruent Persons: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline.


 * (October 2017) Gender incongruence: a comparative study using ICD-10 and DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.


 * (September 2011) WPATH Standards Of Care 7th Edition.


 * (February 2014) Guidelines And Protocols For Comprehensive Primary Care For Trans Clients.


 * (April 2015) Health Care for Transgender Patients: Medical Education and Patient Access.


 * (March 2011) Taking Charge: A Handbook For Health Care & Social Service Providers Working With Trans People.


 * (October 7 2017) Gender incongruence: a comparative study using ICD-10 and DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.

<section end=CareGuidelines />

Professional resources & patient care
<section begin=ProfessionalResources />


 * (November 2020) Re-assessing the Triadic Model of Care for Trans Patients Using a Harm-Reduction Approach. *


 * (October 2020) Gender and palliative care: a call to arms.


 * (October 2020) The Development of a Knowledge Test on Transgender Patients' Care.


 * (July 2020) Beyond the Sex Binary: Toward the Inclusive Anatomical Sciences Education.


 * (July 2020) The Pharmacist as an LGBTQ Ally.


 * (June 2020) Current State of Transgender Medical Education in the United States and Canada: Update to a Scoping Review.


 * (June 2020) Queering gendered disabilities. *


 * (May 2020) Tracking Trends of Transgender Health Research Online: Are Researchers and the Public on the Same Page?


 * (April 2020) Facial Gender Confirmation Surgery: A Protocol for Diagnosis, Surgical Planning, and Postoperative Management.


 * (April 2020) Implications for medication dosing for transgender patients: A review of the literature and recommendations for pharmacists.


 * (February 2020) Trans-specific Geriatric Health Assessment (TGHA): An inclusive clinical guideline for the geriatric transgender patient in a primary care setting.


 * (January 2020) Expanding Women's Health Practitioners and Researchers' Understanding of Transgender/Nonbinary Health Issues.


 * (January 2020) Breast Imaging in Transgender Patients: What the Radiologist Should Know.


 * (January 2020) Masculinizing Genital Surgery: An Imaging Primer for the Radiologist.


 * (December 2019) Evaluation of a gender-affirming healthcare curriculum for second-year medical students.


 * (December 2019) Gender-affirming surgical techniques, complications, and imaging considerations for the abdominal radiologist.


 * (November 2019) Transgender patients and the role of the coagulation clinician.


 * (November 2019) Incorporating Transition-Affirming Language into Anatomical Pathology Reporting for Gender Affirmation Surgery.


 * (October 2019) A Self-Assessment Tool for Cultivating Affirming Practices With Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming (TGNC) Clients, Supervisees, Students, and Colleagues.


 * (December 2019) Considerations for the Care of Transgender Individuals.


 * (September 2019) Experiences of Transgender and Gender Nonbinary Medical Students and Physicians.


 * (September 2019) Impact of a Formative Program on Transgender Healthcare for Nursing Students and Health Professionals. Quasi-Experimental Intervention Study.


 * (August 2019) Training to reduce LGBTQ-related bias among medical, nursing, and dental students and providers: a systematic review.


 * (August 2019) Virtue ethics and the commitment to learn: overcoming disparities faced by transgender individuals.


 * (August 2019) Gender Affirmation Surgery: A Primer on Imaging Correlates for the Radiologist.


 * (July 2019) Later Life Care Planning and Concerns of Transgender Older Adults in Canada.


 * (July 2019) Adapting Sexual Configurations Theory to Nursing.


 * (June 2019) LGBT+ Health Teaching within the Undergraduate Medical Curriculum.*


 * (June 2019) Bridging the Gap of Mental Health Inequalities in the Transgender Population: The Role of Nursing Education.


 * (June 2019) Assessment of Internal Medicine Resident Preparedness to Care for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer/Questioning Patients.


 * (June 2019) Creating a Transgender-Inclusive Interventional Radiology Department.


 * (June 2019) A Capable Surgeon and a Willing Electrologist: Challenges to the Expansion of Transgender Surgical Care in the United States.


 * (June 2019) Education Needs of Providers of Transgender Population.


 * (April 2019) Hair Reduction for Transgender Persons: What Dermatologists Should Know and How They Can Help.


 * (April 2019) An approach for transgender population information extraction and summarization from clinical trial text.


 * (February 2019) Knowledge, Practice Behaviors, and Perceived Barriers to Fertility Care Among Providers of Transgender Healthcare.


 * (January 2019) Surgical healthcare needs for transgender patients: surgeons’ perspectives.


 * (May 2017) Military Family Physicians' Readiness for Treating Patients With Gender Dysphoria.


 * (December 2018) Best Practices in Transgender Health: A Clinician's Guide.


 * (October 2018) Transgender Students: Advocacy, Care, and Support Opportunities for School Nurses.


 * (October 2018) Injury in the transgender population: What the trauma surgeon needs to know.


 * (October 2018) ENDOCRINOLOGY FELLOWS' PERCEPTION OF THEIR CONFIDENCE AND SKILL LEVEL IN PROVIDING TRANSGENDER HEALTHCARE.


 * (September 2018) Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery Fellows' Exposure to Transgender Healthcare.


 * (September 2018) Ministry to Transgender Teenagers (Part One): Pursuing Awareness and Understanding about Trans Youth.


 * (September 2018) Transgender Corneal Donors: A Dilemma Worthy of Attention.


 * (July 2018) Transitioning the Healthcare System to Effectively Work with Older Transgender Persons.


 * (May 2018) The Perioperative Care of the Transgender Patient.


 * (May 2018) Transgender Patients: What Radiologists Need to Know.


 * (May 2018) Gender dysphoria assessment and action for youth: Review of health care services and experiences of trans youth in Manitoba.


 * (April 2018) Healthcare Experiences Among Young Adults Who Identify as Genderqueer or Nonbinary.


 * (March 2018) The current status of transgender health education in doctor of pharmacy curricula in North America.


 * (February 2018) Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Patients in the Emergency Department: What Physicians Know, Think, and Do.


 * (September 2017) Simulation Design: Addressing Care of a Transgender Patient.


 * (June 2017) Supporting and caring for transgender and gender nonconforming youth in the urology practice.


 * (June 2017) Caring for the Transgender Patient.


 * (December 2016) Transgender Youth: Current Concepts.


 * (January 2006) Caring For Transgender Adolescents In BC: Suggested Guidelines.


 * (July 2016) Best practices in LGBT care: A guide for primary care physicians.

<section end=ProfessionalResources />

Neuroscience
<section begin=Neuroscience />


 * (August 2020) Neuroanatomy of transgender persons in a Non-Western population and improving reliability in clinical neuroimaging.


 * (May 2020) Data for functional MRI connectivity in transgender people with gender incongruence and cisgender individuals *


 * (May 2020) Gender-affirming hormone treatment and cognitive function in transgender young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis


 * (April 2020) Biological Sex Classification With Structural MRI Data Shows Increased Misclassification in Transgender Women


 * (April 2020) Gender-affirming Hormone Treatment - A Unique Approach to Study the Effects of Sex Hormones on Brain Structure and Function


 * (February 2020) Brain network interactions in transgender individuals with gender incongruence.


 * (January 2020) Predictive Pattern Classification Can Distinguish Gender Identity Subtypes from Behavior and Brain Imaging.


 * (January 2020) Testosterone effects on functional amygdala lateralization: A study in adolescent transgender boys and cisgender boys and girls.


 * (December 2019) Neural Systems for Own-body Processing Align with Gender Identity Rather Than Birth-assigned Sex.


 * (August 2019) Effects of Estradiol Therapy on Resting-State Functional Connectivity of Transgender Women After Gender-Affirming Related Gonadectomy.


 * (August 2019) The Link between Estradiol and Neuroplasticity in Transgender Women after Gender-affirming Surgery: a Bimodal Hypothesis.


 * (August 2019) Sex Matters: A Multivariate Pattern Analysis of Sex- and Gender-Related Neuroanatomical Differences in Cis- and Transgender Individuals Using Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging.


 * (April 2019) Cross sex hormone treatment is linked with a reversal of cerebral patterns associated with gender dysphoria to the baseline of cisgender controls.


 * (October 2017) Brain sexual differentiation and effects of cross-sex hormone therapy in transpeople: A resting-state functional magnetic resonance study.


 * (August 2017) Effects of testosterone treatment on hypothalamic neuroplasticity in female-to-male transgender individuals.


 * (March 2017) Serum concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in patients diagnosed with gender dysphoria undergoing sex reassignment surgery.


 * (March 2017) Testosterone Effects on the Brain in Transgender Men.


 * (December 2016) Subcortical gray matter changes in transgender subjects after long-term cross-sex hormone administration.


 * (November 2016) Circulating androgens correlate with resting-state MRI in transgender men.


 * (September 2016) Gender transition affects neural correlates of empathy: A resting state functional connectivity study with ultra high-field 7T MR imaging.


 * (August 2016) A Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study in Transgender Persons on Cross-Sex Hormone Therapy.


 * (January 2016) Neuroimaging studies in people with gender incongruence.


 * (October 2015) High-Dose Testosterone Treatment Increases Serotonin Transporter Binding in Transgender People.


 * (May 2015) Regional volumes and spatial volumetric distribution of gray matter in the gender dysphoric brain.


 * (January 2015) Cross-sex hormone treatment in male-to-female transsexual persons reduces serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).

<section end=Neuroscience />

History
<section begin=History />


 * (June 2018) From William's Doll to Jacob's New Dress: The Depiction of Gender Non-Conforming Boys in Children's Picture Books From 1972 to 2014.


 * (August 2017) A Historical Review of Gender-Affirming Medicine: Focus on Genital Reconstruction Surgery.

<section end=History />

Methods
<section begin=Methods />


 * (June 2012) Self-Assembly of Stable Monomolecular Nucleic Acid Lipid Particles with a Size of 30 nm.

<section end=Methods />