Speech therapy

///SOFTWARE///

http://sci-hub.tw/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2017.07.003

///WIKI ARTICLES///

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosody_(linguistics) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formant https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal_resonation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timbre https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intonation_(linguistics) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isochrony

///VOICE THERAPY PAPERS///

MTF https://sci-hub.tw/https:/Main_Page/doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.03.013 http://sci-hub.tw/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.07.018 http://sci-hub.tw/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2017.07.003

FTM http://sci-hub.tw/10.1044/2017_JSLHR-S-16-0320 http://sci-hub.tw/https://doi.org/10.1111/andr.12278 http://sci-hub.tw/https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-015-3846-8 http://sci-hub.tw/10.1002/lary.24480

INTONATION

///intonation ~ cadence

The melodicity vs monotony of a voice

mainly a rise and fall of pitch to communicate intention/attitude

* though also involving many concomitant features such as: tone; average frequency* pitch-range; min-max frequency*

volume; amplitude dynamics; changes in amplitude rythmicality; in/consistancy of isochronic patterns tempo; Beats per minute (averaged) INFLECTION STRESS

TIMBRE (COLOR)

VOLUME (LIGHTNESS)

VOCAL RANGE

///min max frequency of a vocal register (most commonly modal) average male: 65-260 ambiguous overlap: 100-260 average female: 100-525

REGISTER

modal fry falsetto whistle

FORMANT

///waveform interference between frequency components in a spectrograph (created by combining multiple resonances) (this is how vowels are constructed) EG.       http://auditoryneuroscience.com/vocalizations-speech/two-formants RESONANCE ///using different types of resonant vocal chambers to affect both the brightness and timbre head nasal mouth chest

BRIGHTNESS (/CONTRAST)

///brightness ~ spectral centroid

EG.

"nasal" resonance = bright ~ high centroid frequency

"chest" resonance = dark ~ low centroid frequency

PITCH (HUE)

///pitch ~ fundamental frequency

EG.

high pitched ~ high fundamental frequency

low pitched ~ low fundamental frequency

* (brightness/darkness can alter percieved pitch through overtones)

* (volume can also affect percieved pitch [low~low high~high] to some degree)