HK2
Hexokinase 2 (HK2) is a protein present in humans. It is primarily produced in the prostate, and is regulated by androgens through the androgen receptor.[1] It is closely related to PSA, sharing about 80% of its genetic sequence.[2] Like PSA, it is sometimes used as a biomarker for prostate cancer.[2]
Response to antiandrogens
Cyproterone acetate (with and without estrogens)
Trans women aged 18-50 years (median 30 years) treated with 100 mg/day cyproterone acetate had the following HK2 response:[1]
| Median plasma HK2 | Mean plasma HK2 | Median urine HK2 | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 4 months | 12 months | Baseline | 4 months | 12 months | Baseline | 4 months | 12 months | ||||||||
| Treatment | Subjects | ng/L | ng/L | change | ng/L | change | ng/L | ng/L | change | ng/L | change | ng/L | ng/L | change | ng/L | change |
| 100 mg/day CPA | 10 | 216 | 28 | -87% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1258 | 104 | -92% | - | - |
| 100 mg/day CPA and 17β-estradiol patch twice weekly |
15 | 201 | 16 | -92% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1016 | 39 | -96% | - | - |
| 100 mg/day CPA and 100 ug/day oral ethinylestradiol |
31 | 193 | 6.3 | -97% | 9.0a | -95%a | 208 | 14 | -93% | 16 | -92% | 1180 | 43 | -96% | 46a | -96%a |
a Only 17 of the original 31 subjects were analyzed at the 12 month mark.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Christina V. Obiezu et al (2000). "DRAMATIC SUPPRESSION OF PLASMA AND URINARY PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN AND HUMAN GLANDULAR KALLIKREIN BY ANTIANDROGENS IN MALE-TO-FEMALE TRANSSEXUALS". The Journal of Urology. 163 (3): 802–805. doi:10.1016/S0022-5347(05)67808-1. ISSN 00225347.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 K. Clint Cary et al (2013). "Biomarkers in prostate cancer surveillance and screening: past, present, and future". Therapeutic Advances in Urology. 5 (6): 318–329. doi:10.1177/1756287213495915. PMC 3825107. PMID 24294290. ISSN 1756-2872.